Libertarian vs Authoritarian: “So far what we’re seeing is a lot of costs and a lot of chaos,” said Ford’s chief executive, Jim Farley. Paul Jacobson, General Motors’ finance chief, told investors that while a short tariff spat would be easily manageable, a “permanent” one would require billions of dollars in investment that might prove unneeded as soon as Mr. Trump’s term is over. “We can’t be whipsawing the business back and forth,” he said at a Barclays conference.